IOUtils (Apache Android classes 3.0.7 API)

java.lang.Object
- org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils

```
public class IOUtils
extends Object
```
General IO stream manipulation utilities.
This class provides static utility methods for input/output operations.
- closeQuietly - these methods close a stream ignoring nulls and exceptions
- toXxx/read - these methods read data from a stream
- write - these methods write data to a stream
- copy - these methods copy all the data from one stream to another
- contentEquals - these methods compare the content of two streams
The byte-to-char methods and char-to-byte methods involve a conversion step. Two methods are provided in each case, one that uses the platform default encoding and the other which allows you to specify an encoding. You are encouraged to always specify an encoding because relying on the platform default can lead to unexpected results, for example when moving from development to production.
All the methods in this class that read a stream are buffered internally. This means that there is no cause to use a BufferedInputStream or BufferedReader. The default buffer size of 4K has been shown to be efficient in tests.
Wherever possible, the methods in this class do not flush or close the stream. This is to avoid making non-portable assumptions about the streams' origin and further use. Thus the caller is still responsible for closing streams after use.
Origin of code: Excalibur.
Version:

$Id: IOUtils.java 1304177 2012-03-23 03:36:44Z ggregory $

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field	Description
`static char`	`DIR_SEPARATOR`	The system directory separator character.
`static char`	`DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX`	The Unix directory separator character.
`static char`	`DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS`	The Windows directory separator character.
`static String`	`LINE_SEPARATOR`	The system line separator string.
`static String`	`LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX`	The Unix line separator string.
`static String`	`LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS`	The Windows line separator string.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description

IOUtils()
Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Constructors
Constructor	Description
`IOUtils()`	Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`static void`	`closeQuietly(Closeable closeable)`	Unconditionally close a `Closeable`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(InputStream input)`	Unconditionally close an `InputStream`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(OutputStream output)`	Unconditionally close an `OutputStream`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(Reader input)`	Unconditionally close an `Reader`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(Writer output)`	Unconditionally close a `Writer`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(ServerSocket sock)`	Unconditionally close a `ServerSocket`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(Socket sock)`	Unconditionally close a `Socket`.
`static void`	`closeQuietly(Selector selector)`	Unconditionally close a `Selector`.
`static boolean`	`contentEquals(InputStream input1, InputStream input2)`	Compare the contents of two Streams to determine if they are equal or not.
`static boolean`	`contentEquals(Reader input1, Reader input2)`	Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or not.
`static boolean`	`contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(Reader input1, Reader input2)`	Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or not, ignoring EOL characters.
`static int`	`copy(InputStream input, OutputStream output)`	Copy bytes from an `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`.
`static void`	`copy(InputStream input, Writer output)`	Copy bytes from an `InputStream` to chars on a `Writer` using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static void`	`copy(InputStream input, Writer output, String encoding)`	Copy bytes from an `InputStream` to chars on a `Writer` using the specified character encoding.
`static void`	`copy(Reader input, OutputStream output)`	Copy chars from a `Reader` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the default character encoding of the platform, and calling flush.
`static void`	`copy(Reader input, OutputStream output, String encoding)`	Copy chars from a `Reader` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the specified character encoding, and calling flush.
`static int`	`copy(Reader input, Writer output)`	Copy chars from a `Reader` to a `Writer`.
`static long`	`copyLarge(InputStream input, OutputStream output)`	Copy bytes from a large (over 2GB) `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`.
`static long`	`copyLarge(InputStream input, OutputStream output, byte[] buffer)`	Copy bytes from a large (over 2GB) `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`.
`static long`	`copyLarge(InputStream input, OutputStream output, long inputOffset, long length)`	Copy some or all bytes from a large (over 2GB) `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`, optionally skipping input bytes.
`static long`	`copyLarge(InputStream input, OutputStream output, long inputOffset, long length, byte[] buffer)`	Copy some or all bytes from a large (over 2GB) `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`, optionally skipping input bytes.
`static long`	`copyLarge(Reader input, Writer output)`	Copy chars from a large (over 2GB) `Reader` to a `Writer`.
`static long`	`copyLarge(Reader input, Writer output, char[] buffer)`	Copy chars from a large (over 2GB) `Reader` to a `Writer`.
`static long`	`copyLarge(Reader input, Writer output, long inputOffset, long length)`	Copy some or all chars from a large (over 2GB) `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`, optionally skipping input chars.
`static long`	`copyLarge(Reader input, Writer output, long inputOffset, long length, char[] buffer)`	Copy some or all chars from a large (over 2GB) `InputStream` to an `OutputStream`, optionally skipping input chars.
`static LineIterator`	`lineIterator(InputStream input, String encoding)`	Return an Iterator for the lines in an `InputStream`, using the character encoding specified (or default encoding if null).
`static LineIterator`	`lineIterator(Reader reader)`	Return an Iterator for the lines in a `Reader`.
`static int`	`read(InputStream input, byte[] buffer)`	Read bytes from an input stream.
`static int`	`read(InputStream input, byte[] buffer, int offset, int length)`	Read bytes from an input stream.
`static int`	`read(Reader input, char[] buffer)`	Read characters from an input character stream.
`static int`	`read(Reader input, char[] buffer, int offset, int length)`	Read characters from an input character stream.
`static void`	`readFully(InputStream input, byte[] buffer)`	Read the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
`static void`	`readFully(InputStream input, byte[] buffer, int offset, int length)`	Read the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
`static void`	`readFully(Reader input, char[] buffer)`	Read the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
`static void`	`readFully(Reader input, char[] buffer, int offset, int length)`	Read the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
`static List<String>`	`readLines(InputStream input)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static List<String>`	`readLines(InputStream input, String encoding)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the specified character encoding.
`static List<String>`	`readLines(Reader input)`	Get the contents of a `Reader` as a list of Strings, one entry per line.
`static long`	`skip(InputStream input, long toSkip)`	Skip bytes from an input byte stream.
`static long`	`skip(Reader input, long toSkip)`	Skip characters from an input character stream.
`static void`	`skipFully(InputStream input, long toSkip)`	Skip the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
`static void`	`skipFully(Reader input, long toSkip)`	Skip the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
`static InputStream`	`toBufferedInputStream(InputStream input)`	Fetches entire contents of an `InputStream` and represent same data as result InputStream.
`static BufferedReader`	`toBufferedReader(Reader reader)`	Returns the given reader if it is a `BufferedReader`, otherwise creates a toBufferedReader for the given reader.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(InputStream input)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a `byte[]`.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(InputStream input, int size)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a `byte[]`.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(InputStream input, long size)`	Get contents of an `InputStream` as a `byte[]`.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(Reader input)`	Get the contents of a `Reader` as a `byte[]` using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(Reader input, String encoding)`	Get the contents of a `Reader` as a `byte[]` using the specified character encoding.
`static byte[]`	`toByteArray(String input)`	Deprecated. Use `String.getBytes()`
`static char[]`	`toCharArray(InputStream is)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a character array using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static char[]`	`toCharArray(InputStream is, String encoding)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a character array using the specified character encoding.
`static char[]`	`toCharArray(Reader input)`	Get the contents of a `Reader` as a character array.
`static InputStream`	`toInputStream(CharSequence input)`	Convert the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static InputStream`	`toInputStream(CharSequence input, String encoding)`	Convert the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the specified character encoding.
`static InputStream`	`toInputStream(String input)`	Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static InputStream`	`toInputStream(String input, String encoding)`	Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the specified character encoding.
`static String`	`toString(byte[] input)`	Deprecated. Use `String(byte[])`
`static String`	`toString(byte[] input, String encoding)`	Deprecated. Use `String(byte[],String)`
`static String`	`toString(InputStream input)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a String using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static String`	`toString(InputStream input, String encoding)`	Get the contents of an `InputStream` as a String using the specified character encoding.
`static String`	`toString(Reader input)`	Get the contents of a `Reader` as a String.
`static String`	`toString(URI uri)`	Gets the contents at the given URI.
`static String`	`toString(URI uri, String encoding)`	Gets the contents at the given URI.
`static String`	`toString(URL url)`	Gets the contents at the given URL.
`static String`	`toString(URL url, String encoding)`	Gets the contents at the given URL.
`static void`	`write(byte[] data, OutputStream output)`	Writes bytes from a `byte[]` to an `OutputStream`.
`static void`	`write(byte[] data, Writer output)`	Writes bytes from a `byte[]` to chars on a `Writer` using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static void`	`write(byte[] data, Writer output, String encoding)`	Writes bytes from a `byte[]` to chars on a `Writer` using the specified character encoding.
`static void`	`write(char[] data, OutputStream output)`	Writes chars from a `char[]` to bytes on an `OutputStream`.
`static void`	`write(char[] data, OutputStream output, String encoding)`	Writes chars from a `char[]` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the specified character encoding.
`static void`	`write(char[] data, Writer output)`	Writes chars from a `char[]` to a `Writer` using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static void`	`write(CharSequence data, OutputStream output)`	Writes chars from a `CharSequence` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static void`	`write(CharSequence data, OutputStream output, String encoding)`	Writes chars from a `CharSequence` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the specified character encoding.
`static void`	`write(CharSequence data, Writer output)`	Writes chars from a `CharSequence` to a `Writer`.
`static void`	`write(StringBuffer data, OutputStream output)`	Deprecated. replaced by write(CharSequence, OutputStream)
`static void`	`write(StringBuffer data, OutputStream output, String encoding)`	Deprecated. replaced by write(CharSequence, OutputStream, String)
`static void`	`write(StringBuffer data, Writer output)`	Deprecated. replaced by write(CharSequence, Writer)
`static void`	`write(String data, OutputStream output)`	Writes chars from a `String` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the default character encoding of the platform.
`static void`	`write(String data, OutputStream output, String encoding)`	Writes chars from a `String` to bytes on an `OutputStream` using the specified character encoding.
`static void`	`write(String data, Writer output)`	Writes chars from a `String` to a `Writer`.
`static void`	`writeLines(Collection<?> lines, String lineEnding, OutputStream output)`	Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to an `OutputStream` line by line, using the default character encoding of the platform and the specified line ending.
`static void`	`writeLines(Collection<?> lines, String lineEnding, OutputStream output, String encoding)`	Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to an `OutputStream` line by line, using the specified character encoding and the specified line ending.
`static void`	`writeLines(Collection<?> lines, String lineEnding, Writer writer)`	Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to a `Writer` line by line, using the specified line ending.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX
```
public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX
```
    The Unix directory separator character.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
```
public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
```
    The Windows directory separator character.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - DIR_SEPARATOR
```
public static final char DIR_SEPARATOR
```
    The system directory separator character.
  - LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX
```
public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX
```
    The Unix line separator string.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
```
public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS
```
    The Windows line separator string.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - LINE_SEPARATOR
```
public static final String LINE_SEPARATOR
```
    The system line separator string.
- Constructor Detail
  - IOUtils
```
public IOUtils()
```
    Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
- Method Detail
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(Reader input)
```
    Unconditionally close an Reader.
    Equivalent to Reader.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   char[] data = new char[1024];
   Reader in = null;
   try {
       in = new FileReader("foo.txt");
       in.read(data);
       in.close(); //close errors are handled
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to close, may be null or already closed
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(Writer output)
```
    Unconditionally close a Writer.
    Equivalent to Writer.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   Writer out = null;
   try {
       out = new StringWriter();
       out.write("Hello World");
       out.close(); //close errors are handled
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    output - the Writer to close, may be null or already closed
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(InputStream input)
```
    Unconditionally close an InputStream.
    Equivalent to InputStream.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   byte[] data = new byte[1024];
   InputStream in = null;
   try {
       in = new FileInputStream("foo.txt");
       in.read(data);
       in.close(); //close errors are handled
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to close, may be null or already closed
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(OutputStream output)
```
    Unconditionally close an OutputStream.
    Equivalent to OutputStream.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
 byte[] data = "Hello, World".getBytes();

 OutputStream out = null;
 try {
     out = new FileOutputStream("foo.txt");
     out.write(data);
     out.close(); //close errors are handled
 } catch (IOException e) {
     // error handling
 } finally {
     IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
 }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    output - the OutputStream to close, may be null or already closed
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(Closeable closeable)
```
    Unconditionally close a Closeable.
    Equivalent to Closeable.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   Closeable closeable = null;
   try {
       closeable = new FileReader("foo.txt");
       // process closeable
       closeable.close();
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(closeable);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    closeable - the object to close, may be null or already closed
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(Socket sock)
```
    Unconditionally close a Socket.
    Equivalent to Socket.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   Socket socket = null;
   try {
       socket = new Socket("http://www.foo.com/", 80);
       // process socket
       socket.close();
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    sock - the Socket to close, may be null or already closed
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(Selector selector)
```
    Unconditionally close a Selector.
    Equivalent to Selector.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   Selector selector = null;
   try {
       selector = Selector.open();
       // process socket
       
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(selector);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    selector - the Selector to close, may be null or already closed
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - closeQuietly
```
public static void closeQuietly(ServerSocket sock)
```
    Unconditionally close a ServerSocket.
    Equivalent to ServerSocket.close(), except any exceptions will be ignored. This is typically used in finally blocks.
    Example code:
```
   ServerSocket socket = null;
   try {
       socket = new ServerSocket();
       // process socket
       socket.close();
   } catch (Exception e) {
       // error handling
   } finally {
       IOUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
   }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    sock - the ServerSocket to close, may be null or already closed
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - toBufferedInputStream
```
public static InputStream toBufferedInputStream(InputStream input)
                                         throws IOException
```
    Fetches entire contents of an InputStream and represent same data as result InputStream.
    This method is useful where,
    - Source InputStream is slow.
    - It has network resources associated, so we cannot keep it open for long time.
    - It has network timeout associated.
    It can be used in favor of toByteArray(InputStream), since it avoids unnecessary allocation and copy of byte[].
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    Parameters:
    
    input - Stream to be fully buffered.
    
    Returns:
    
    A fully buffered stream.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - toBufferedReader
```
public static BufferedReader toBufferedReader(Reader reader)
```
    Returns the given reader if it is a BufferedReader, otherwise creates a toBufferedReader for the given reader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    reader - the reader to wrap or return
    
    Returns:
    
    the given reader or a new BufferedReader for the given reader
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - toByteArray
```
public static byte[] toByteArray(InputStream input)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a byte[].
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested byte array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
  - toByteArray
```
public static byte[] toByteArray(InputStream input,
                                 long size)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get contents of an InputStream as a byte[]. Use this method instead of toByteArray(InputStream) when InputStream size is known. NOTE: the method checks that the length can safely be cast to an int without truncation before using toByteArray(java.io.InputStream, int) to read into the byte array. (Arrays can have no more than Integer.MAX_VALUE entries anyway)
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    size - the size of InputStream
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested byte array
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs or InputStream size differ from parameter size
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if size is less than zero or size is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE
    
    Since:
    
    2.1
    
    See Also:
    
    toByteArray(java.io.InputStream, int)
  - toByteArray
```
public static byte[] toByteArray(InputStream input,
                                 int size)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a byte[]. Use this method instead of toByteArray(InputStream) when InputStream size is known
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    size - the size of InputStream
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested byte array
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs or InputStream size differ from parameter size
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if size is less than zero
    
    Since:
    
    2.1
  - toByteArray
```
public static byte[] toByteArray(Reader input)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of a Reader as a byte[] using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested byte array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
  - toByteArray
```
public static byte[] toByteArray(Reader input,
                                 String encoding)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of a Reader as a byte[] using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested byte array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - toByteArray
```
@Deprecated
public static byte[] toByteArray(String input)
                          throws IOException
```
    Deprecated. Use String.getBytes()
    
    Get the contents of a String as a byte[] using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This is the same as String.getBytes().
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the String to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested byte array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)
  - toCharArray
```
public static char[] toCharArray(InputStream is)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a character array using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    is - the InputStream to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested character array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - toCharArray
```
public static char[] toCharArray(InputStream is,
                                 String encoding)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a character array using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    is - the InputStream to read from
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested character array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - toCharArray
```
public static char[] toCharArray(Reader input)
                          throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of a Reader as a character array.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested character array
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - toString
```
public static String toString(InputStream input)
                       throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a String using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested String
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
  - toString
```
public static String toString(InputStream input,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a String using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested String
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
  - toString
```
public static String toString(Reader input)
                       throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of a Reader as a String.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested String
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
  - toString
```
public static String toString(URI uri)
                       throws IOException
```
    Gets the contents at the given URI.
    
    Parameters:
    
    uri - The URI source.
    
    Returns:
    
    The contents of the URL as a String.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O exception occurs.
    
    Since:
    
    2.1.
  - toString
```
public static String toString(URI uri,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
```
    Gets the contents at the given URI.
    
    Parameters:
    
    uri - The URI source.
    
    encoding - The encoding name for the URL contents.
    
    Returns:
    
    The contents of the URL as a String.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O exception occurs.
    
    Since:
    
    2.1.
  - toString
```
public static String toString(URL url)
                       throws IOException
```
    Gets the contents at the given URL.
    
    Parameters:
    
    url - The URL source.
    
    Returns:
    
    The contents of the URL as a String.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O exception occurs.
    
    Since:
    
    2.1.
  - toString
```
public static String toString(URL url,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
```
    Gets the contents at the given URL.
    
    Parameters:
    
    url - The URL source.
    
    encoding - The encoding name for the URL contents.
    
    Returns:
    
    The contents of the URL as a String.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if an I/O exception occurs.
    
    Since:
    
    2.1.
  - toString
```
@Deprecated
public static String toString(byte[] input)
                       throws IOException
```
    Deprecated. Use String(byte[])
    
    Get the contents of a byte[] as a String using the default character encoding of the platform.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the byte array to read from
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested String
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)
  - toString
```
@Deprecated
public static String toString(byte[] input,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
```
    Deprecated. Use String(byte[],String)
    
    Get the contents of a byte[] as a String using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the byte array to read from
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    the requested String
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs (never occurs)
  - readLines
```
public static List<String> readLines(InputStream input)
                              throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from, not null
    
    Returns:
    
    the list of Strings, never null
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - readLines
```
public static List<String> readLines(InputStream input,
                                     String encoding)
                              throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of an InputStream as a list of Strings, one entry per line, using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from, not null
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    the list of Strings, never null
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - readLines
```
public static List<String> readLines(Reader input)
                              throws IOException
```
    Get the contents of a Reader as a list of Strings, one entry per line.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from, not null
    
    Returns:
    
    the list of Strings, never null
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - lineIterator
```
public static LineIterator lineIterator(Reader reader)
```
    Return an Iterator for the lines in a Reader.
    LineIterator holds a reference to the open Reader specified here. When you have finished with the iterator you should close the reader to free internal resources. This can be done by closing the reader directly, or by calling LineIterator.close() or LineIterator.closeQuietly(LineIterator).
    The recommended usage pattern is:
```
 try {
   LineIterator it = IOUtils.lineIterator(reader);
   while (it.hasNext()) {
     String line = it.nextLine();
     /// do something with line
   }
 } finally {
   IOUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
 }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    reader - the Reader to read from, not null
    
    Returns:
    
    an Iterator of the lines in the reader, never null
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if the reader is null
    
    Since:
    
    1.2
  - lineIterator
```
public static LineIterator lineIterator(InputStream input,
                                        String encoding)
                                 throws IOException
```
    Return an Iterator for the lines in an InputStream, using the character encoding specified (or default encoding if null).
    LineIterator holds a reference to the open InputStream specified here. When you have finished with the iterator you should close the stream to free internal resources. This can be done by closing the stream directly, or by calling LineIterator.close() or LineIterator.closeQuietly(LineIterator).
    The recommended usage pattern is:
```
 try {
   LineIterator it = IOUtils.lineIterator(stream, "UTF-8");
   while (it.hasNext()) {
     String line = it.nextLine();
     /// do something with line
   }
 } finally {
   IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
 }
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from, not null
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    an Iterator of the lines in the reader, never null
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs, such as if the encoding is invalid
    
    Since:
    
    1.2
  - toInputStream
```
public static InputStream toInputStream(CharSequence input)
```
    Convert the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the default character encoding of the platform.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the CharSequence to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    an input stream
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - toInputStream
```
public static InputStream toInputStream(CharSequence input,
                                        String encoding)
                                 throws IOException
```
    Convert the specified CharSequence to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the CharSequence to convert
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    an input stream
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if the encoding is invalid
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - toInputStream
```
public static InputStream toInputStream(String input)
```
    Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the default character encoding of the platform.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the string to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    an input stream
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - toInputStream
```
public static InputStream toInputStream(String input,
                                        String encoding)
                                 throws IOException
```
    Convert the specified string to an input stream, encoded as bytes using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the string to convert
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Returns:
    
    an input stream
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if the encoding is invalid
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(byte[] data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes bytes from a byte[] to an OutputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the byte array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(byte[] data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method uses String(byte[]).
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the byte array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(byte[] data,
                         Writer output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes bytes from a byte[] to chars on a Writer using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method uses String(byte[], String).
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the byte array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(char[] data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a char[] to a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the char array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(char[] data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an OutputStream.
    This method uses String(char[]) and String.getBytes().
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the char array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(char[] data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a char[] to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method uses String(char[]) and String.getBytes(String).
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the char array to write, do not modify during output, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(CharSequence data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a CharSequence to a Writer.
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the CharSequence to write, null ignored
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - write
```
public static void write(CharSequence data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a CharSequence to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method uses String.getBytes().
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the CharSequence to write, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - write
```
public static void write(CharSequence data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a CharSequence to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method uses String.getBytes(String).
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the CharSequence to write, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
  - write
```
public static void write(String data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a String to a Writer.
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the String to write, null ignored
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(String data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a String to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method uses String.getBytes().
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the String to write, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
public static void write(String data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
```
    Writes chars from a String to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method uses String.getBytes(String).
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the String to write, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
@Deprecated
public static void write(StringBuffer data,
                         Writer output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Deprecated. replaced by write(CharSequence, Writer)
    
    Writes chars from a StringBuffer to a Writer.
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
@Deprecated
public static void write(StringBuffer data,
                         OutputStream output)
                  throws IOException
```
    Deprecated. replaced by write(CharSequence, OutputStream)
    
    Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method uses String.getBytes().
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - write
```
@Deprecated
public static void write(StringBuffer data,
                         OutputStream output,
                         String encoding)
                  throws IOException
```
    Deprecated. replaced by write(CharSequence, OutputStream, String)
    
    Writes chars from a StringBuffer to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method uses String.getBytes(String).
    
    Parameters:
    
    data - the StringBuffer to write, null ignored
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - writeLines
```
public static void writeLines(Collection<?> lines,
                              String lineEnding,
                              OutputStream output)
                       throws IOException
```
    Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to an OutputStream line by line, using the default character encoding of the platform and the specified line ending.
    
    Parameters:
    
    lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
    
    lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - writeLines
```
public static void writeLines(Collection<?> lines,
                              String lineEnding,
                              OutputStream output,
                              String encoding)
                       throws IOException
```
    Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to an OutputStream line by line, using the specified character encoding and the specified line ending.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    
    Parameters:
    
    lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
    
    lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to, not null, not closed
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - writeLines
```
public static void writeLines(Collection<?> lines,
                              String lineEnding,
                              Writer writer)
                       throws IOException
```
    Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to a Writer line by line, using the specified line ending.
    
    Parameters:
    
    lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
    
    lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
    
    writer - the Writer to write to, not null, not closed
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - copy
```
public static int copy(InputStream input,
                       OutputStream output)
                throws IOException
```
    Copy bytes from an InputStream to an OutputStream.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    Large streams (over 2GB) will return a bytes copied value of -1 after the copy has completed since the correct number of bytes cannot be returned as an int. For large streams use the copyLarge(InputStream, OutputStream) method.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of bytes copied, or -1 if > Integer.MAX_VALUE
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(InputStream input,
                             OutputStream output)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an OutputStream.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    The buffer size is given by DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of bytes copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.3
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(InputStream input,
                             OutputStream output,
                             byte[] buffer)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an OutputStream.
    This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    buffer - the buffer to use for the copy
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of bytes copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(InputStream input,
                             OutputStream output,
                             long inputOffset,
                             long length)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy some or all bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an OutputStream, optionally skipping input bytes.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    The buffer size is given by DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    inputOffset - : number of bytes to skip from input before copying -ve values are ignored
    
    length - : number of bytes to copy. -ve means all
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of bytes copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(InputStream input,
                             OutputStream output,
                             long inputOffset,
                             long length,
                             byte[] buffer)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy some or all bytes from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an OutputStream, optionally skipping input bytes.
    This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    inputOffset - : number of bytes to skip from input before copying -ve values are ignored
    
    length - : number of bytes to copy. -ve means all
    
    buffer - the buffer to use for the copy
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of bytes copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - copy
```
public static void copy(InputStream input,
                        Writer output)
                 throws IOException
```
    Copy bytes from an InputStream to chars on a Writer using the default character encoding of the platform.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    This method uses InputStreamReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - copy
```
public static void copy(InputStream input,
                        Writer output,
                        String encoding)
                 throws IOException
```
    Copy bytes from an InputStream to chars on a Writer using the specified character encoding.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedInputStream.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    This method uses InputStreamReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the InputStream to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - copy
```
public static int copy(Reader input,
                       Writer output)
                throws IOException
```
    Copy chars from a Reader to a Writer.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    Large streams (over 2GB) will return a chars copied value of -1 after the copy has completed since the correct number of chars cannot be returned as an int. For large streams use the copyLarge(Reader, Writer) method.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of characters copied, or -1 if > Integer.MAX_VALUE
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(Reader input,
                             Writer output)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy chars from a large (over 2GB) Reader to a Writer.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    The buffer size is given by DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of characters copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.3
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(Reader input,
                             Writer output,
                             char[] buffer)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy chars from a large (over 2GB) Reader to a Writer.
    This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    buffer - the buffer to be used for the copy
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of characters copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(Reader input,
                             Writer output,
                             long inputOffset,
                             long length)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy some or all chars from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an OutputStream, optionally skipping input chars.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    The buffer size is given by DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    inputOffset - : number of chars to skip from input before copying -ve values are ignored
    
    length - : number of chars to copy. -ve means all
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of chars copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - copyLarge
```
public static long copyLarge(Reader input,
                             Writer output,
                             long inputOffset,
                             long length,
                             char[] buffer)
                      throws IOException
```
    Copy some or all chars from a large (over 2GB) InputStream to an OutputStream, optionally skipping input chars.
    This method uses the provided buffer, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the Writer to write to
    
    inputOffset - : number of chars to skip from input before copying -ve values are ignored
    
    length - : number of chars to copy. -ve means all
    
    buffer - the buffer to be used for the copy
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of chars copied
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - copy
```
public static void copy(Reader input,
                        OutputStream output)
                 throws IOException
```
    Copy chars from a Reader to bytes on an OutputStream using the default character encoding of the platform, and calling flush.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a flush.
    This method uses OutputStreamWriter.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - copy
```
public static void copy(Reader input,
                        OutputStream output,
                        String encoding)
                 throws IOException
```
    Copy chars from a Reader to bytes on an OutputStream using the specified character encoding, and calling flush.
    This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a BufferedReader.
    Character encoding names can be found at IANA.
    Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a flush.
    This method uses OutputStreamWriter.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the Reader to read from
    
    output - the OutputStream to write to
    
    encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if the input or output is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - contentEquals
```
public static boolean contentEquals(InputStream input1,
                                    InputStream input2)
                             throws IOException
```
    Compare the contents of two Streams to determine if they are equal or not.
    This method buffers the input internally using BufferedInputStream if they are not already buffered.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input1 - the first stream
    
    input2 - the second stream
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the content of the streams are equal or they both don't exist, false otherwise
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if either input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
  - contentEquals
```
public static boolean contentEquals(Reader input1,
                                    Reader input2)
                             throws IOException
```
    Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or not.
    This method buffers the input internally using BufferedReader if they are not already buffered.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input1 - the first reader
    
    input2 - the second reader
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the content of the readers are equal or they both don't exist, false otherwise
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if either input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - contentEqualsIgnoreEOL
```
public static boolean contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(Reader input1,
                                             Reader input2)
                                      throws IOException
```
    Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or not, ignoring EOL characters.
    This method buffers the input internally using BufferedReader if they are not already buffered.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input1 - the first reader
    
    input2 - the second reader
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the content of the readers are equal (ignoring EOL differences), false otherwise
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if either input is null
    
    IOException - if an I/O error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - skip
```
public static long skip(InputStream input,
                        long toSkip)
                 throws IOException
```
    Skip bytes from an input byte stream. This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for subclasses of Reader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - byte stream to skip
    
    toSkip - number of bytes to skip.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of bytes actually skipped.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if toSkip is negative
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    InputStream.skip(long)
  - skip
```
public static long skip(Reader input,
                        long toSkip)
                 throws IOException
```
    Skip characters from an input character stream. This implementation guarantees that it will read as many characters as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for subclasses of Reader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - character stream to skip
    
    toSkip - number of characters to skip.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of characters actually skipped.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if toSkip is negative
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    Reader.skip(long)
  - skipFully
```
public static void skipFully(InputStream input,
                             long toSkip)
                      throws IOException
```
    Skip the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
    This allows for the possibility that InputStream.skip(long) may not skip as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - stream to skip
    
    toSkip - the number of bytes to skip
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if toSkip is negative
    
    EOFException - if the number of bytes skipped was incorrect
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    InputStream.skip(long)
  - skipFully
```
public static void skipFully(Reader input,
                             long toSkip)
                      throws IOException
```
    Skip the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
    This allows for the possibility that Reader.skip(long) may not skip as many characters as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - stream to skip
    
    toSkip - the number of characters to skip
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if toSkip is negative
    
    EOFException - if the number of characters skipped was incorrect
    
    Since:
    
    2.0
    
    See Also:
    
    Reader.skip(long)
  - read
```
public static int read(Reader input,
                       char[] buffer,
                       int offset,
                       int length)
                throws IOException
```
    Read characters from an input character stream. This implementation guarantees that it will read as many characters as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for subclasses of Reader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    offset - inital offset into buffer
    
    length - length to read, must be >= 0
    
    Returns:
    
    actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if a read error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - read
```
public static int read(Reader input,
                       char[] buffer)
                throws IOException
```
    Read characters from an input character stream. This implementation guarantees that it will read as many characters as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for subclasses of Reader.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    Returns:
    
    actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if a read error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - read
```
public static int read(InputStream input,
                       byte[] buffer,
                       int offset,
                       int length)
                throws IOException
```
    Read bytes from an input stream. This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for subclasses of InputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    offset - inital offset into buffer
    
    length - length to read, must be >= 0
    
    Returns:
    
    actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if a read error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - read
```
public static int read(InputStream input,
                       byte[] buffer)
                throws IOException
```
    Read bytes from an input stream. This implementation guarantees that it will read as many bytes as possible before giving up; this may not always be the case for subclasses of InputStream.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    Returns:
    
    actual length read; may be less than requested if EOF was reached
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if a read error occurs
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - readFully
```
public static void readFully(Reader input,
                             char[] buffer,
                             int offset,
                             int length)
                      throws IOException
```
    Read the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
    This allows for the possibility that Reader.read(char[], int, int) may not read as many characters as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    offset - inital offset into buffer
    
    length - length to read, must be >= 0
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if length is negative
    
    EOFException - if the number of characters read was incorrect
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - readFully
```
public static void readFully(Reader input,
                             char[] buffer)
                      throws IOException
```
    Read the requested number of characters or fail if there are not enough left.
    This allows for the possibility that Reader.read(char[], int, int) may not read as many characters as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if length is negative
    
    EOFException - if the number of characters read was incorrect
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - readFully
```
public static void readFully(InputStream input,
                             byte[] buffer,
                             int offset,
                             int length)
                      throws IOException
```
    Read the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
    This allows for the possibility that InputStream.read(byte[], int, int) may not read as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    offset - inital offset into buffer
    
    length - length to read, must be >= 0
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if length is negative
    
    EOFException - if the number of bytes read was incorrect
    
    Since:
    
    2.2
  - readFully
```
public static void readFully(InputStream input,
                             byte[] buffer)
                      throws IOException
```
    Read the requested number of bytes or fail if there are not enough left.
    This allows for the possibility that InputStream.read(byte[], int, int) may not read as many bytes as requested (most likely because of reaching EOF).
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - where to read input from
    
    buffer - destination
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException - if there is a problem reading the file
    
    IllegalArgumentException - if length is negative
    
    EOFException - if the number of bytes read was incorrect
    
    Since:
    
    2.2

Class IOUtils

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

DIR_SEPARATOR_UNIX

DIR_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS

DIR_SEPARATOR

LINE_SEPARATOR_UNIX

LINE_SEPARATOR_WINDOWS

LINE_SEPARATOR

Constructor Detail

IOUtils

Method Detail

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

closeQuietly

toBufferedInputStream

toBufferedReader

toByteArray

toByteArray

toByteArray

toByteArray

toByteArray

toByteArray

toCharArray

toCharArray

toCharArray

toString

toString

toString

toString

toString

toString

toString

toString

toString

readLines

readLines

readLines

lineIterator

lineIterator

toInputStream

toInputStream

toInputStream

toInputStream

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

write

writeLines

writeLines

writeLines

copy

copyLarge

copyLarge

copyLarge

copyLarge

copy

copy

copy

copyLarge

copyLarge